Topic:Pakistan — Global Security Review %

AI & Deterrence, Archive, Deterrence & Foreign Policy, Strategic AdversariesAI, AI–HUMINT fusion, automated analysis, big data, CMS, cyber technologies, cyber-attacks, data exfiltration, espionage, false information, HUMINT, India, Intelligence, ISI, NADRA, NATGRID, nuclearized, Pakistan, Pegasus spyware, political profiling, RAW, Safe City projects, South Asia, strategic vulnerabilities, surveillance, Terrorism

The Intelligence Illusion: How AI is Exposing Strategic Vulnerabilities in the Developing World

Tahir Mahmood Azad0 Comments

For decades, intelligence agencies in developing countries, especially in South Asia, have been portrayed as all-knowing, all-seeing, and deeply involved in every part of politics and security. Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Arms Control & Nonproliferation, Strategic AdversariesAir-LORA, BrahMos, conventional-nuclear threshold, deep strikes, Deterrence, escalation dominance, escalation ladder, full-spectrum deterrence, India, Indian Air Force (IAF), J-10C, long-range air-to-surface missiles, LR-ASM, May 2025 war, Military Doctrine, Mirage-2000, Pakistan, Pakistani air defence zones, PL-15, quid-pro-quo-plus (QPQP), Rafale, Rampage missiles, SCALP/Storm Shadow, stand-off capability

India’s Push for Long Range Air-to-Surface Missiles

Abdul Wassay0 Comments

India’s accelerating induction and expansion of long-range air-to-surface missiles (LR-ASM) into its conventional stockpile marks a shift in its military doctrine after the May 2025 war with Pakistan. While Indian…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Deterrence & Foreign Policy, Strategic AdversariesAl Udeid Air Base, Arab partners, Center for International Strategic Studies, CISS, collective security, conventional weapons, cybersecurity, defense cooperation, defense industry collaboration, defense production, Deterrence Posture, Doha, drone technology, economic integration, foreign exchange reserves, Gulf States, hamas, India, international law, interoperability, Islamabad, Israeli air raid, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA, Masoud Pezeshkian, Middle East, military alliance, Muslim world, mutual defense pact, Nuclear Deterrence, nuclear umbrella, oil imports, Pakistan, Qatar, regional security, regional security architecture., regional stability, remittances, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, SMDA, space-based defense, strategic autonomy, strategic depth, strategic mutual defense agreement, technology transfer, United Nations General Assembly, United States, Vision 2030

Understanding the Pakistan–Saudi Defense Agreement

Nawal Nawaz0 Comments

Pakistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) signed a strategic mutual defense agreement (SMDA) on September 17, 2025, cementing a decades-long security partnership between Islamabad and Riyadh. This new…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Strategic AdversariesAgni-Prime, air defense systems, Arms Control, Balochistan Think Tank Network, BUITEMS Quetta, bunker-buster missile, Cold Start doctrine, confidence-building measures, conventional superiority, conventional warfare, counterforce capability, crisis management, cyber warfare, deterrence stability, escalation dominance, full-spectrum deterrence, India, India-Pakistan conflict, international diplomacy, limited war, Military Doctrine, military modernization, missile defense, Nuclear Deterrence, nuclear escalation, nuclear posture, nuclear-capable missiles, Operation Sindoor, Pakistan, rail-based launcher, regional stability, retaliatory capability, security dilemma, South Asia, space capabilities, strategic affairs, strategic autonomy, strategic signaling, technological development

India’s Strategy of Escalation Dominance

Sher Ali Kakar & Atta Ullah0 Comments

Recent, statements by Indian Air Force Chief Marshal AP Singh and Indian Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi reflect how India’s military doctrine is transforming, which, in recent years, has undergone…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Arms Control & Nonproliferation, Deterrence & Foreign Policy, Emerging Threats, Strategic Adversariesadversarial attacks, AI Arms Race, AI diplomacy, AI ethics, AI governance, AI in defense, AI interoperability, AI policy, AI regulation, AI risk assessment, AI safety, AI Scientific Panel, AI strategy, AI verification, algorithm certification, algorithmic accountability, Arms Control, artificial intelligence, audit trail, autonomous systems, autonomous weapons, bias mitigation, Carnegie Endowment, civilian control, confidence-building measures, Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, cryptographic logging, defense innovation, Deterrence, deterrence credibility, dual-use technology, emerging technology, escalation control, ETAI Framework, ethical AI, ethical governance, explainability, export controls, extended deterrence, fairness, Global Dialogue on AI Governance, global norms, governance frameworks, human oversight, human-machine teaming, Hypersonic Weapons, iCET, India, India-US partnership., Indo-Pacific security, INDUS-X, international cooperation, international peace and security, machine learning, military AI, National Security, National Strategy for AI, Pakistan, privacy, Quad, red-team exercises, reliability, resilience, responsible AI, Responsible AI Certification, security, South Asia, strategic stability, transparency, trustworthiness, UN General Assembly, UNIDIR, US-India collaboration

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Arms Race in South Asia

Vaibhav Chhimpa0 Comments

When India’s AI-powered missile defense system intercepted a simulated hypersonic threat in 2023, American analysts were surprised by the ethical framework guiding its development. In South Asia, rapid AI adoption…

Archive, Strategic AdversariesArms Control, Arms Race, Article VI, AUKUS deal, biases, bilateral arms control, China, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), conference on disarmament (CD), confidence-building measures (CBMs), conventional imbalance, crisis management, Deterrence, deterrent credibility, disarmament deception syndrome (DDS), discriminatory norms, emerging technologies, France, geopolitical landscape, global zero (GZ), India, Iran nuclear pursuit, Israel, modernization, multilateral treaties, National Security, Negative Security Assurances, non-nuclear weapon states, North Korea, North Korea withdrawal, nuclear arms race, nuclear disarmament, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), nuclear proliferation, Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG), nuclear umbrella, nuclear weapon states, Pakistan, positive security assurances, prestige-driven ambitions, Russia, security betrayal trap (SBT), South Asia, space-based capabilities, strategic chain, strategic stability, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), Ukraine paradox, United Kingdom, United States

Illogic of Nuclear Disarmament in the Contemporary Era

Sher Ali Kakar & Atta Ullah1 Comment

Since the beginning of the nuclear age, the international community consistently made efforts toward disarmament. However, the world saw both vertical and horizontal nuclear proliferation. Nuclear-armed states are modernizing…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Strategic AdversariesAfghanistan, Beijing, China, CPEC, Diplomacy, diplomatic relations, Durand Line, East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), economic development, Gulf War, Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP), Islamic Terrorists, Kabul, Pakistan, Taliban, Terror

Can Trilateral Diplomacy Secure Pakistan from Terrorism?

Qurat-UL-Ain Shabbir0 Comments

Kabul hosted a trilateral conference on August 20, 2025, where delegates from China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan participated. This included China’s foreign minister, Wang Yi, Pakistan’s deputy prime minister and foreign…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Arms Control & Nonproliferation, Deterrence & Foreign Policy, Emerging ThreatsAbabeel, Afghanistan conflict, Agni-V, Agni-VI, Arms Control, ASAT, blue-water Navy, China-India crisis, CMD, cold war, democracy, economic trade, freedom, FSD, geostrategic fears, ICBM, India, ISR, K-5 SLBM, military satellites, MIRV, MRBM, nuclear doctrine, Nuclear Weapons, Pakistan, Shaheen III, South Asia stability, stability, Terrorism, United States, US-Pakistan relations

Pakistan Is Not Building an ICBM to Attack America

Anum A. Khan0 Comments

Misperceptions are circulating that Pakistan is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) threat to the United States despite the fact that none of its missiles have a range beyond 2,750 kilometers…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Arms Control & Nonproliferationair combat, ceasefire, cyclical deterrence failures, Dassault Aviation, escalation, Heron drone, India, Indian Air Force, J-10C, Kashmir dispute, MiG-29, missile strikes, nuclear escalation, Nur Khan Airbase, Operation Bunyanum Marsoos, Operation Sindoor, Pahalgam terror attack, Pakistan, Pakistani Air Force, peace, Rafale, South Asia stability, Su-30, Trump administration, United States

Pakistan’s Response to Operation Sindoor

Nawal Nawaz0 Comments

After publicly asserting that the government of Pakistan was involved in the April 21, 2025, Pahalgam terror attack in Kashmir, India launched a barrage of missile strikes on nine sites…

Strategic Adversariesallies, America, Asia-Pacific, Australia, bipolar international system, Britain, China, conventional forces, Dr. Christine Leah, Dr. Peter Layton, eastern Pacific, Europe, European non-proliferation solution, Extended nuclear deterrence, Far Eastern nuclear stockpile, federal budget, global leadership, Griffith Asia Institute, high-intensity conflict, independent nuclear forces, India, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), Japan, modern multilateral nuclear force, multilateral nuclear force, NATO, NATO nuclear planning group, North Korea, NPT finished, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), nuclear sharing, Nuclear Weapons, Pacific allies, Pakistan, Poland, post-World War II strategy, President Donald Trump, Royal United Services Institute, Russia, Scandinavian nations, Secretary of US Defense Robert McNamara, security treaties, South Korea, Tomahawk cruise missiles, Ukraine, US National Institute for Deterrence Studies, world war III

Time to Proliferate Nuclear Weapons (or Not?)

Christine M. Leah & Peter Layton2 Comments

Extended nuclear deterrence is a central tenet of America’s post–World War II strategy. For the first time however, it is being seriously questioned in both Europe and the Asia-Pacific. The…

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Strategic AdversariesAgni-5, Agni-5MII, Akash Missiles, Anum Riaz, Armenia, Bay of Bengal, China, CISS, Defense Exports, Defense Partnerships, France, global security, hypersonic missile, ICBM, India, Indo-Philippine Defense Ties, Israel, MIRV, missile program, MTCR, NATOM, Pakistan, Peace and stability , Pralay Missiles, regional competition, Russia, Strategic Alliances, United States, US

India’s Missile Program: A Threat to Regional and Global Peace and Stability

Anum Riaz1 Comment

After India became a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in 2016, it increased its missile exports and extended its market for defense exports because of its greater…