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escalation ladder

India’s Push for Long Range Air-to-Surface Missiles

India’s Push for Long Range Air-to-Surface Missiles

India’s accelerating induction and expansion of long-range air-to-surface missiles (LR-ASM) into its conventional stockpile marks a shift in its military doctrine after the May 2025 war with Pakistan. While Indian…
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The Russia-Ukraine Conflict Showcases the Limits of Nuclear Deterrence

The Russia-Ukraine Conflict Showcases the Limits of Nuclear Deterrence

Russia’s potential use of nuclear weapons early in the Ukraine conflict presents an interesting dilemma. For many analysts, this conflict exemplifies the limits of nuclear deterrence, an issue worth exploring.…
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Modern Escalation Dominance Is Essential to Effective Deterrence and Assurance

Modern Escalation Dominance Is Essential to Effective Deterrence and Assurance

Defense commentators note that adversaries, prior to acting aggressively, will first calculate risks and rewards. Significant to this calculus is an evaluation of how, if at all, America is likely…
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