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Masoud Pezeshkian

Snapback Sanctions: The Collapse of Western Diplomacy with Iran

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Deterrence & Foreign Policy, Strategic Adversariesarms embargo, ballistic missile technology, China, coercion vs. diplomacy, Diplomacy, E3 (France, economic adaptation, economic impact, European powers, financial sanctions, Germany, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Iran, Israel, JCPOA, Look East strategy, Masoud Pezeshkian, maximum pressure strategy, military strikes, Non-Proliferation Treaty, nuclear facilities, nuclear program, oil revenues, proliferation, regional stability, Russia, sanctions relief, snapback sanctions, trust collapse, UK, United Nations Security Council, United States, Western diplomacy

Snapback Sanctions: The Collapse of Western Diplomacy with Iran

Sidra Shaukat0 Comments

On September 28, 2025, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) re-imposed previously lifted sanctions against Iran. The move occurred when the European powers triggered the “snapback” mechanism of the Joint…

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Understanding the Pakistan–Saudi Defense Agreement

Allies & Extended Deterrence, Archive, Deterrence & Foreign Policy, Strategic AdversariesAl Udeid Air Base, Arab partners, Center for International Strategic Studies, CISS, collective security, conventional weapons, cybersecurity, defense cooperation, defense industry collaboration, defense production, Deterrence Posture, Doha, drone technology, economic integration, foreign exchange reserves, Gulf States, hamas, India, international law, interoperability, Islamabad, Israeli air raid, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA, Masoud Pezeshkian, Middle East, military alliance, Muslim world, mutual defense pact, Nuclear Deterrence, nuclear umbrella, oil imports, Pakistan, Qatar, regional security, regional security architecture., regional stability, remittances, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, SMDA, space-based defense, strategic autonomy, strategic depth, strategic mutual defense agreement, technology transfer, United Nations General Assembly, United States, Vision 2030

Understanding the Pakistan–Saudi Defense Agreement

Nawal Nawaz0 Comments

Pakistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) signed a strategic mutual defense agreement (SMDA) on September 17, 2025, cementing a decades-long security partnership between Islamabad and Riyadh. This new…

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Results in Iran

Archive, Arms Control & Nonproliferation, Bonus Reads, Strategic AdversariesAtoms for Peace, Ayatollah Khamenei, battle damage assessment, Benjamin Netanyahu, China, Darius the Great, Deterrence, Dmitry Medvedev, enriched uranium, Fordow, GBU-57, IAEA, international relations, Iran, Isfahan, Israel, Masoud Pezeshkian, Natanz, North Korea, nuclear facilities, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, nuclear scientists, Nuclear Weapons, regime change, Revolutionary Guard Corps, Russia, stealth bombers, Twelve Day War, United States, Vladimir Putin

Results in Iran

Sam Stanton, PhD0 Comments

In the early morning hours of June 22, 2025, American aircraft engaged in direct operations against three Iranian nuclear facilities: Natanz, Fordow, and Isfahan. These attacks involved 125 aircraft and…

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