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collective security

Understanding the Pakistan–Saudi Defense Agreement

Understanding the Pakistan–Saudi Defense Agreement

Pakistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) signed a strategic mutual defense agreement (SMDA) on September 17, 2025, cementing a decades-long security partnership between Islamabad and Riyadh. This new…
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The Nuclear Umbrella: Reassurance or Relic in a Shifting World?

The Nuclear Umbrella: Reassurance or Relic in a Shifting World?

Imagine a world where America’s allies are forced to develop their own nuclear arsenals. Instead of enhancing security, this proliferation could heighten the risk of nuclear conflict. Such a scenario…
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What a Kamala Harris Presidency Means for Deterrence

What a Kamala Harris Presidency Means for Deterrence

As Americans weigh their vote for president in November’s election, the implications of a Kamala Harris presidency for nuclear deterrence and foreign policy warrant careful consideration. Harris, with seven years…
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